/*
 * Factory.hpp
 *
 *  Created on: Jan 3, 2011
 *      Author: heber
 */

#ifndef FACTORY_HPP_
#define FACTORY_HPP_

// include config.h
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <map>
#include <typeinfo>

#include "CodePatterns/Assert.hpp"

#include "CodePatterns/Creator.hpp"

class FactoryTest;

/**
 * This template produces the generic factory pattern.
 *
 * <h1> Factory Howto </h1>
 * <h2> Introduction </h2>
 *
 * A factory is a class that instantiates other types. In order to be able to
 * do so the following prerequisites must be met:
 * -# there is a list of types the factory should be able to produce
 * -# they all must be derived from a common class (e.g. an interface) which is
 *    the type references from the factory will be returned as.
 *
 * The reason for the last one is that it is not possible -- except by an ugly
 * static_cast -- to retrieve the particular type and if nonetheless needed,
 * factory is probably the wrong pattern). After all what a factory does is
 * hiding the specifics of a certain subtype, e.g. to control a motor it is not
 * necessary to know how fast it goes and what it precisely does, you just need
 * need the throttle as a control and some kind of rpm feedback. This control
 * and feedback would be abstracted into the interface class.
 *
 * <h2>How to make a class Factory</h2>
 *
 * If you want to make a class a Factory you can use the following sequence of
 * steps.
 *
 * Before we begin, we assume the following types to represent ...
 * - Abstract_Interface_Class: the aforementioned common interface of all
 *    particular types the factory should produce.
 * - Abstract_Encapsulation_Class: we need to connect the interface class (which
 *    must not be a template) with the types to put into the factory. Hence, we
 *    need this (templated) class that encapsulates each possible type as its
 *    template argument while deriving from (and implementing) the abstract
 *    interface as well.
 * - MyFactory: Your specific factory that spills out references to
 *    Abstract_Interface_Class that are embodied by
 *    Abstract_Encapsulation_Class instances.
 *
 * For present code, have a look at RandomNumberDistributionFactory.def,
 * RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation.hpp and
 * RandomNumberDistributionFactory.hpp.
 *
 * @attention{
 * One last \b warning before we begin: Your types should reside in a distinct
 * (and not the global) namespace, otherwise you may get strange errors such
 * as
 * \verbatim
 * /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/detail/local.hpp:34: error: type/value mismatch at argument 1 in template parameter list for ‘template<class T> class stub’
 * /usr/include/boost/preprocessor/iteration/detail/local.hpp:34: error:   expected a type, got ‘(FactoryTypeList::ListOfKnownTypes)0u’
 * \endverbatim
 * i.e. he cannot discern between the enumerated types and the true types due.
 * @remarks But having your particular types in their own name space is always
 *          a good idea.
 *          }
 *
 * Now beginning, first remember that all we need is a list of already present
 * types, i.e. implemented classes. The rest is the stuff below which is all
 * you need (and although it looks like quite a lot, it is actually not).
 *
 * Then, do the following steps:
 * - create a file "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.def" containing only
 *   preprocessor defines as follows:
 *   @code
 *   #ifndef RANDOMNUMBERDISTRIBUTIONFACTORY_DEF_
 *   #define RANDOMNUMBERDISTRIBUTIONFACTORY_DEF_
 *
 *   #define type_seq (uniform_smallint)(uniform_int)
 *   #define Abstract_Interface_Class RandomNumberDistribution
 *   #define Abstract_Encapsulation_Class RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation
 *   #define type_name_space boost::
 *   #undef type_suffix
 *
 *   #endif //RANDOMNUMBERDISTRIBUTIONFACTORY_DEF_
 *   @endcode
 *   where \a type_seq is the list of types, each element in round brackets,
 *   \a Abstract_Interface_Class is the class name of the abstract base class
 *   which a reference to the factory spills out, and
 *   \a Abstract_Encapsulation_Class is the class name of the (templated)
 *   encapsulation class of each type. Optionally, these types may reside in
 *   some other name_space, define this one via \a type_name_space (with suffixes
 *   double colons!). If you need something appended to each type, such as "<>"
 *   then add in \a type_suffix. Note that the first two and the last line are
 *   just to avoid double inclusion, also the define made therein is used for
 *   the following step ...
 * - create the undefine file "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.undef" which
 *   undefines all the previously made definitions to allow for more factories
 *   created without the danger of the various defines getting in the way of
 *   each other:
 *   @code
 *   #ifdef RANDOMNUMBERDISTRIBUTIONFACTORY_DEF_
 *
 *   #undef type_seq
 *   #undef type_seq_size
 *   #undef Abstract_Interface_Class
 *   #undef Abstract_Encapsulation_Class
 *   #undef type_name_space
 *   #undef type_suffix
 *
 *   #undef RANDOMNUMBERDISTRIBUTIONFACTORY_DEF_
 *   #endif
 *   @endcode
 * - Create the encapsulation of the desired types, listed in type_seq via a
 *   templated class:
 *   @code
 *    #include "Creator.hpp"  // the creator wrapper
 *    #include "RandomNumberDistribution.hpp" // the abstract interface class
 *    template <class type>
 *    class RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation :
 *      public RandomNumberDistribution,  // inherit from abstract interface
 *      public Creator<   // and creator wrapper that has to know about ...
 *        RandomNumberDistribution,  // .. the abstract interface as well ..
 *        RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation<type>  // .. and the
 *                                // encapsulation class we right now define
 *        >
 *    {
 *    public:
 *      // ... some interface functions here with template implementation ...
 *      // i.e. those defined as virtual functions in the abstract interface
 *
 *      RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation() {} // constructor
 *      virtual ~RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation() {} // virtual destructor
 *    private:
 *      type encapsulated_type; // the instance of the type to encapsulate
 *    };
 *   @endcode
 * - in the header of your factory put these before any declaration:
 *   @code
 *   // has to be appear BEFORE Factory.hpp is included!
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.def"
 *   #include "CodePatterns/FactoryTypeList.hpp"
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.undef"
 *   #include "CodePatterns/Factory.hpp"
 *   @endcode
 *   Then declare your factory by inheriting from Factory<Abstract_Interface_Class>
 *   @code
 *   class RandomNumberDistributionFactory :
 *     public Factory<RandomNumberDistribution>
 *   {
 *     RandomNumberDistributionFactory();
 *     virtual ~RandomNumberDistributionFactory();
 *   };
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.undef"
 *   @endcode
 *   where the last includes undefines the defines made in the first step and
 *   assures that another factory can be created without any old defines
 *   getting in the way.
 *   @note FactoryTypeList.hpp is necessary as we can't have a forward
 *         declaration of an enum which we need in the header of Factory<T>.
 *         Hence, there is an extra class the wraps the enum which we inherit.
 * - finally implement the factory by:
 *   @code
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistribution_Encapsulation.hpp"
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.hpp"
 *   // has to be included BEFORE Factory_impl.hpp!
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.def"
 *   #include "CodePatterns/Factory_impl.hpp"
 *
 *   RandomNumberDistributionFactory::RandomNumberDistributionFactory() {}
 *   RandomNumberDistributionFactory::~RandomNumberDistributionFactory() {}
 *
 *   CONSTRUCT_SINGLETON(RandomNumberDistributionFactory)
 *   CONSTRUCT_FACTORY(RandomNumberDistribution)
 *
 *   #include "RandomNumberDistributionFactory.undef"
 *   @endcode
 *
 * That's all.
 */
template <class T>
class Factory : public FactoryTypeList<T>
{
public:
  /** Constructor of class Factory.
   *
   */
  Factory()
  {
    FillEnumTable();
    FillPrototypeTable();
  }

  /** (virtual) Destructor of class Factory.
   *
   */
  virtual ~Factory()
  {
    // clear out factories map to allow boost::shared_ptr to do their work (i.e. to release mem)
    // this is necessary as factory is an object
    enums.clear();
    names.clear();
    for (typename InstanceTable::iterator iter = PrototypeTable.begin();
        !PrototypeTable.empty();
        iter = PrototypeTable.begin()) {
      delete (iter->second);
      PrototypeTable.erase(iter);
    }
    PrototypeTable.clear();
  }


  /** Enumeration of all types known to this factory
   */
  typedef enum FactoryTypeList<T>::ListOfKnownTypes TypeList;

  /** Setter for currenttype to produce.
   *
   * @param instance_name name of type
   */
  void setCurrentType(const std::string instance_name)
  {
    ASSERT(enums.count(instance_name) != 0,
        "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::setCurrentType() - type "+instance_name+" is not registered.");
    currenttype = enums[instance_name];
  }

  /** Setter for currenttype to produce.
   *
   * @param instance_type enumeration index of type
   */
  void setCurrentType(TypeList instance_type)
  {
    ASSERT(names.count(instance_type) != 0,
        "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::setCurrentType() - enum type "+toString(instance_type)+" is not registered.");
    currenttype = instance_type;
  }

  /** Getter for currenttype to produce.
   *
   * @return name of currenttype
   */
  const std::string & getCurrentTypeName() const
  {
    return names[currenttype];
  }

  /** Getter for currenttype to produce.
   *
   * @return enumeration index of currenttype
   */
  TypeList getCurrentTypeEnum() const
  {
    return currenttype;
  }

  /** Getter for desired type of product.
   *
   * @param enumeration index of product
   * @return reference to copy of product
   */
  T* getProduct(TypeList instance_type) const
  {
    ASSERT(names.count(instance_type) != 0,
        "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::getProduct() - enum type "+toString(instance_type)+" is not registered.");
    return PrototypeTable[instance_type]->create();
  }

  /** Getter for desired type of product.
   *
   * @param name of product
   * @return reference to copy of product
   */
  T* getProduct(const std::string instance_name) const
  {
    ASSERT(enums.count(instance_name) != 0,
        "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::getProduct() - type name "+instance_name+" is not registered.");
    return PrototypeTable[ enums[instance_name] ]->create();
  }

  /** Getter for desired type of product.
   *
   * @param type_info object of the desired type
   * @return reference to copy of current type product or NULL if type mismatch
   */
  T* getProduct(const std::type_info &instance_type_info) const
  {
    ASSERT(types.count(instance_type_info.name()) != 0,
        "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::getProduct() - type info name "+instance_type_info.name()+" is not registered.");
    return PrototypeTable[ types[instance_type_info.name()] ]->create();
  }

  /** Getter for current type of product.
   *
   * @return reference to copy of current type product
   */
  T* getProduct() const
  {
    return PrototypeTable[currenttype]->create();
  }

  /** Getter for the name of the desired type of product.
   *
   * @return name of distribution
   */
  const std::string &getName(TypeList instance_type) const
  {
    ASSERT(names.count(instance_type) != 0,
        "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::getName() - enum type "+toString(instance_type)+" is not registered.");
    return names[instance_type];
  }

  /** Getter for the enumeration index of the desired type of product.
   *
   * @return enum of distribution
   */
   TypeList getEnum(const std::string instance_name) const
   {
     ASSERT(enums.count(instance_name) != 0,
         "Factory<"+toString(typeid(T).name())+">::getEnum() - type name "+instance_name+" is not registered.");
     return enums[instance_name];
   }


protected:

  /** Creates instances of all possible distribution types
   *  and stores them in \a DistributionPrototypeTable.
   */
  void FillPrototypeTable();

  /** Create association for enums to strings and vice versa
   *  and stores them in \a distributions tables.
   */
  void FillEnumTable();

  typedef std::map<
      std::string,
      TypeList
      > TypeMap;
  typedef std::map<
      std::string,
      TypeList
      > EnumMap;
  typedef std::map<
      TypeList,
      ICreator<T> *
      > InstanceTable;
  typedef std::map<
      TypeList,
      std::string
      > NameMap;

  static TypeList currenttype;
  static TypeMap types;
  static EnumMap enums;
  static InstanceTable PrototypeTable;
  static NameMap names;
};

template <class T> typename Factory<T>::TypeList Factory<T>::currenttype = (typename Factory<T>::TypeList)0;
template <class T> typename Factory<T>::TypeMap Factory<T>::types;
template <class T> typename Factory<T>::EnumMap Factory<T>::enums;
template <class T> typename Factory<T>::NameMap Factory<T>::names;
template <class T> typename Factory<T>::InstanceTable Factory<T>::PrototypeTable;

/**
 * This define allows simple instantiation of the necessary factory functions
 * at a chosen place.
 */
#define CONSTRUCT_FACTORY(InstanceType) \
    template Factory<InstanceType>::Factory(); \
    template Factory<InstanceType>::~Factory(); \
    template void Factory<InstanceType>::setCurrentType(const std::string instance_name); \
    template void Factory<InstanceType>::setCurrentType(TypeList instance_type); \
    template const std::string & Factory<InstanceType>::getCurrentTypeName() const; \
    template Factory<InstanceType>::TypeList Factory<InstanceType>::getCurrentTypeEnum() const; \
    template InstanceType* Factory<InstanceType>::getProduct(TypeList instance_type) const; \
    template InstanceType* Factory<InstanceType>::getProduct(const std::string instance_name) const; \
    template const std::string &Factory<InstanceType>::getName(TypeList instance_type) const; \
    template Factory<InstanceType>::TypeList Factory<InstanceType>::getEnum(const std::string instance_name) const;

#endif /* FACTORY_HPP_ */